Lesson 2 - Basic and Useful Theory.

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This Article is covering below objectives.

• Natural and Vikrat Swars
• Scales
• Swar names and Symbol
• Saptak (octave)
• Arohan
• Avarohan
• Pakad
• Thaat
• Thaat Rules

   Some Basic and useful information about Hindustani Classical music, need to know before stating Harmonium learnings.

There are 12 Swars (7) Natural and Vikrat (5) are present in music.

Vikrat Swar:- Komal and Tivra sawars are also called as Vikrat swars

 Scale (Pitch):- A scale is a set of musical notes ordered by fundamental frequency or pitch.

There are 12 Scales are present in Hindustani classical Music.

12 Scales are named like below.

First To Fifth Black (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5^th).  Total = 5

Fist to seventh white (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7^th). Total = 7

Note: - English Names are given based in first Black Scale.

Note: Use internet explore to get proper view of below table.

Saptak (Octaves):- Saptak is nothing but the series of seven swars  (including fixed and komal), There are three Saptak (Octaves) utilized in Hindustani classical music. 

1)  Mandra Saptak:- First seven swars from the left side on harmonium are called Mandra Saptak. Refer the Diagram.

2) Maddhya Saptak: - Seven swars After the Mandra Saptak is called Maddhya Saptak. Refer the Diagram.

3) Taar Saptak :- Seven swars after Maddya Saptak is called Tar Saptak.

Arohan:- Ascending order of swars/notes called Arohan.

Avrohan : - Descending order of swars/notes called Avarohan.

Pakad :- Pakad is nothing but group of swars or Defining phrase or a cha­rac­teristic pattern for a rag.

 

Thaat : - Group of swars those are used while making raag called Thaat.

There are 10 Thaat in Hindustani Classical music.

They are given below:- 

1) Bilaval: - All Fixed nots are forming Bilaval Thaat. -All Natural/Fixed swars

                Arohan:    S R G M P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P M G R S

2) Kalyan : - All fixed swars except M Tivra M is used. – 1 Vikrat swar

                Arohan:   S R G m’ P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P m’ G R S 

3) Kamaj:- All fixed swars except N Komal N is used. – 1 Vikrat swar

                Arohan: S R G M P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P M G R S

4) Bhairav:-All fixed swars except R&D Komal R&D are used. 2 Vikrat swars

                Arohan:   S R G M P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P M G R S

5) Kafi:- All fixed swars except G&N Komal G&N are used. 2 Vikrat swars

                Arohan:    S R G M P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P M G R S

6) Marava:-All fixed swars except M&R Vikrat m’&R are used. 2 Vikrat swars

                Arohan:    S R G m’ P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P m' G R S

7) Asavari:- All fixed swars except G,D&N Komal G,D&N are used. 3 Vikrat swars

                Arohan:    S R G M P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P M G R S

8) Purvi:- All fixed swars except R,M&D Komal R,m’&D are used. 3 Vikrat swars

                Arohan:    S R G m’ P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P m’ G R S

9) Bhairavi:- All fixed swars except R,G,D&N Komal R,G,D&N are used. 4 Vikrat swars

                Arohan: S R G M P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P M G R S

10 Todi:- All fixed swars except R,G,m’&D Komal R,G, m’&D are used. 4 Vikrat swars

                Arohan:    S R G m’ P D N Ṡ
                Avrohan : Ṡ N D P m’ G R S

 

 

 Some Rule:- 

1) There will be always 7 swars (out 12) are used making Thaat

2) Thaats are made by seven swars from 12 swara of sapatak.

3) Thaat should not made by using fixed and komak swar at the    same time.

4) Thaat is recognized by his Janak Raag.

 

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